GEOGRAPHY
CH-1
INDIA SIZE
AND LOCATION
· LOCATION
LIES IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
LATITUDE – 8.4’ N TO 37.6’N
LONGITUDE – 68.7’ TO 97.25’
TROPIC OF CANCER DIVIDES INDIA INTO ALMOST TWO EQUAL HALVES .
ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR {BAY OF BENGAL} LIES IN SOUTHEAST OF INDIA.
LAKSHDWEEP ISLAND {ARABIAN SEA} LIES IN SOUTHWEST OF INDIA.
SOUTHERN MOST POINT OF INDIA – INDIRA POINT
INDIRA POINT GOT SUBMERGED IN SEA WATER IN 2004 DURING TSUNAMI.
· SIZE
AREA OF
LANDMASS OF INDIA – 3.28 MILLION SQUARE K.M.
INDIA’S TOTAL AREA IS 2.4% OF THE TOTAL GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA OF THE WORLD.
LAND
BOUNDARY : 15200 K.M.
TOTAL LENGTH
OF COASTLINE : 7516.6 K.M.
INDIA IS
BOUNDED BY YOUNG FOLD MOUNTAINS IN NORTH WEST , NORTH AND NORTHEAST.
SOUTH OF
INDIA IS ABOUT 22 NORTH LATITUDE . IT BEGINS TO TAPER AND EXTENTS TOWARDS
INDIAN OCEAN , DIVIDING IT INTO TWO DIFFERENT SEAS that is ARABIAN SEA AND BAY
OF BENGAL.
LATITUDINAL
AND LONGITUDINAL EXTENT OF INDIA IS ABOUT 30 DEGREE.DESPITE THIS FACT EAST –
WEST EXTENT APPEARS TO BE SMALLER THAN NORTH SOUTH EXTENT .
FROM GUJARAT
TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH THERE IS A TIME LAG OF ABOUT 2 HOURS.
STANDARD
MERIDIAN OF INDIA – 82 DEGREE 30 MINUTES EAST . IT PASSES THROUFH MIRAZPUR
IN UTTAR PRADESH.
THE
LATITUDINAL EXTENT INFLUENCES THE DURATION OF DAY AND NIGHT AS ONE MOVES FROM
SOUTH TO NORTH.
INDIA IS 7TH
LARGEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD AFTER RUSSIA , CANADA , CHINA , UNITED STATES ,
BRAZIL AND AUSTRALLIA.
· INDIA & THE WORLD
INDIAN LANDMASS OCCUPIES CENTRAL LOCATION BETWEEN
EAST AND WEST ASIA.
INDIA IS THE SOUTHWARD EXTENSION OF
ASIAN COUNTRIES.
THE TRANS INDIAN OCEAN ROUTE WHICH
CONNECTS THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE IN WEST AND THE COUNTRIES OF EAST ASIA PROVIDE
A STRATEGIC CENTRAL LOCATION IN THE COUNTRY.
DECCAN PENINSULA PROTUDES INTO INDIAN
OCEAN THUS HELPING INDIA TO ESTABLISH CLOSE CONTACT WITH WEST ASIA , AFRICA AND
EUROPE.
NO OTHER COUNTRY HAS A LONG COASTLINE
ON INDIAN OCEAN.
IT IS INDIA’S EMINENT POSITION IN
INDIAN OCEAN WHICH JUSTIFIES THE NAMING OF OCEAN AFTER A COUNTRY.
SUEZ CANAL REDUCED DISTANCE BETWEEN
INDIA AND EUROPE BY 7000 K.M. IT WAS BUILD IN 1869
RELATION OF INDIA THROUGH LAND ROUTE
IS MUCH OLDER THAN THEIR MARIT TIME CONTACTS.
THE IDEAS OF UPANISHADS , THE
RAMAYANA , THE STORIES OF PANCHTANTRA AND INDIAN NUMERALS AND DECIMAL SYSTEM TO
REACH DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD.
SPICES , MUSLIN TAKEN FROM INDIA TO
DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
INFLUENCE OF GREEK SCULPTURE ,
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OF DOMES AND MINARETS FROM WEST ASIA.
·
INDIA’S
NEIGHBOUR’S
29 STATES AND 7 UNION TERRITORIES
NORTH WEST – PAKISTAN , AFGHANISTAN
NORTH – CHINA , NEPAL ,BHUTAN
EAST – MYANMAR AND BANGLADESH
SOUTH – MALDIVES AND SRILANKA
SRI LANKA IS SEPARATED FROM INDIA BY
A NAAROW CALLED PALKSTRAIT AND MALDIVES IS SEPERATED FROM INDIA BY THE GULF OF
MANNAR.
BEFORE 1947 , THERE WERE TWO TYPES OF
STATES IN INDIA
1. PROVINCES : RULED BY BRITISH OFFICIALS
APPOINTED BY VICEROY.
2. PRINCELY STATES – RULED BY HEREDITORY
RULERS.
